Clean cook stoves cost between $50 and $100 (Rs 3,000 - 6,000) each and are currently out of reach for the estimated three billion people worldwide living on less than $2 a day.
But what could make these affordable are financial incentives being provided by registered carbon credit programs for reducing carbon emissions. Estimates suggest that a family could earn enough money selling carbon credits on the carbon market to directly finance the purchase price of a clean cook stove within two to five years through a loan.
The only obstacle is the difficulty and the expense to verify the reduction in carbon emissions produced by clean cook stoves, making it a challenge to apply carbon credits to the use of improved cooking technologies.
To address this issue, these companies have developed a system christened SootSwap system, which includes a mobile phone-based temperature sensing application and a thermal sensor that connects to a CDMA or an Android phone.
SootSwap: An app that enables remote verification of stove usage Each time the cook stove is fired up, the temperature increase activates the sensor. This temperature data is then wirelessly uploaded from the cellphone to a server where it is analyzed to indicate the number of times a stove is used and the duration of each use, enabling remote verification of stove usage.
This capability will create an opportunity to make data available to carbon market investors as proof of reduction in carbon emissions. Investors can then purchase the validated credits and transmit money directly to the families.
IH Rehman, Director, Social Transformation, TERI said: "We are in talks with the American Carbon Registry and SGS of Switzerland for selling the carbon points that get accrued from these stoves. Our endeavour is to make this a fully workable model where the costs of the module at the users end is actually financed by the carbon buying agencies in rural India on a mass scale and we are working to make this a workable model."
Over the past three years, SootSwap has been tested and validated both in the laboratory and through a pilot project involving more than 100 rural Indian homes in villages around Jagdishpur, a town in Uttar Pradesh.
In the next phase, SootSwap will be used with Project Surya's Climate Credit Pilot Project, known in India as C2P2. The pilot phase of the initiative aims to demonstrate the benefits of the adoption of clean cook stoves in 2,000 households. Participating families will receive a clean cook stove through bank financing and a mobile phone equipped with a temperature sensor and the SootSwap application.
Using these tools, families will be allowed to link their reductions in black carbon emissions made possible by the clean cook stoves to carbon credits.
Black carbon is caused by the use of solid fuels such as firewood, cow dung and crop residues and emissions from household cooking fuels.
Project collaborators hope that the potential for earnings will motivate more families to use clean cook stoves and ultimately lead to the broad adoption of clean cooking technologies.
According to estimates, some 3 million people use traditional stoves that use wood, coal or kerosene as the fuel. These stoves are a slow killer and studies further show these kill around four million people globally as a result of smoke inhalation produced over these open fires.
Switching to clean-burning cook stoves can reduce the amount of firewood used in open fires, as well as the amount of smoke indoors and outdoors. This could lead to improved health for women and children who have been shown to be the most exposed to the smoke.
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