In a study titled, 'Virtuous or Vitriolic: The Effect of Anonymity on Civility in Online Newspaper Reader Comment Boards,' University of Houston assistant professor Arthur D Santana at the Jack J Valenti School of Communication found a significant correlation between anonymity and civility.
Comparing the tone of thousands of online comments posted by anonymous and non-anonymous users following online newspaper stories, Santana found that 53.3% of anonymous comments included language that was vulgar, racist, profane or hateful as compared to only 28.7% of non-anonymous comments were found to be uncivil.
The so-called 'online disinhibition effect', which predicts that when people's identity is hidden, found their actions or words have no consequences, thus their inhibitions drop.
Santana observed that non-anonymous commenters were nearly three times as likely to post civil comments.
He found that 44% of non-anonymous commenters posted civil comments following news articles compared to 15% of anonymous commenters.
His study also was designed to determine whether an online article's topic affected whether the comments' tones would be civil or uncivil.
Comparing comments following a racialized topic and a non-racialized topic, Santana observed that comments that followed the racialized topic were significantly more likely to be uncivil.
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