While many HIV prevention interventions have traditionally been delivered face-to-face, a study from Columbia University School of Nursing suggests that digital outreach efforts delivered via text messages, interactive games, chat rooms, and social networks may be an effective way to reach at-risk younger men.
The research review, published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, found that eHealth interventions are associated with reductions in risky sexual behaviours and increases in HIV testing among men who have sex with men.
Despite decades of outreach and education efforts that have stabilised human immunodeficiency (HIV) infection rates in the US, the pace of new infections among men who have sex with men has been steadily increasing, particularly among young adults and racial and ethnic minorities, researchers said.
"This is a population that is very used to technology, and there is built-in privacy and immediacy with digital communication that may be especially appealing to men who aren't comfortable disclosing their sexual orientation or their HIV status in a face-to-face encounter," said lead study author Rebecca Schnall, an assistant professor at Columbia Nursing.
A team of researchers led by Schnall conducted a systematic literature review to determine the effectiveness of eHealth interventions for HIV prevention among men who have sex with men.
One interactive website, Sexpulse, designed to target men who seek sexual partners online, successfully reduced high-risk sexual behaviours.
Another site, Keep It Up! (KIU), used video games to help reduce rates of unprotected anal sex.
A third initiative, a downloadable video game, helped mitigate shame felt by some young men who have sex with men, though the reduction in risky sexual behaviour wasn't statistically significant.
Chat rooms may also help prevent HIV, the study found. When a sexual health expert entered a popular chat room to regularly post information about HIV testing and respond to instant messages seeking information on HIV, self-reported HIV testing among participants in the chat room significantly increased.
On social networks such as Facebook and Twitter, popular individuals can spread HIV-prevention messages to their friends and followers.
The sharing of information about HIV testing via trusted sources on a social network appeared to increase requests for HIV testing kits, one study found.
Another study found that using opinion leaders to disseminate HIV-prevention information via social networks may increase testing rates and bolster condom use during anal sex with partners found online.
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